American flag

Red: Represents valor and bravery - the courage and sacrifice of those who have served and defended the nation. White: Represents purity and innocence - the noble ideals and moral principles upon which the nation was founded. Blue: Represents vigilance, perseverance, and justice - the watchfulness, determination, and fairness that guide American democratic principles. The 13 red and white stripes symbolize the 13 original colonies that declared independence from Britain. The 50 white stars on the blue canton represent the 50 U.S. states united under one nation.

The American flag's journey began on January 1, 1776, during the siege of Boston when General George Washington ordered the Grand Union Flag to be raised over Prospect Hill. That first flag featured 13 alternating red and white stripes and the British Union Jack in the canton, symbolizing the emerging American identity. Over more than two centuries, the flag has evolved and grown alongside the nation it represents. On July 4, 1960, a commemorative stamp depicted the modern flag for the first time, featuring 50 stars for all states, including newly admitted Hawaii. The flag has become a universal icon of strength, unity, and democratic ideals, representing the continuous growth and development of the United States from 13 colonies to 50 states.

13 alternating red and white horizontal stripes representing the original 13 colonies. A blue rectangular canton (upper left corner) containing 50 white five-pointed stars arranged in nine rows, representing the 50 U.S. states. The stripes alternate between red and white, with red stripes at the top and bottom. The blue canton serves as the background for the white stars, creating a distinct contrast that highlights the state representation.

The American flag is flown at half-staff (or half-mast) during periods of national mourning or solemn remembrance. Half-staff orders can be issued by the President of the United States, a state governor, or the Mayor of Washington, D.C. Common occasions for half-staff display include: death of a government official, military member, or first responder; national tragedies; Memorial Day and other days of remembrance. The flag serves as the focal point for the Pledge of Allegiance, where Americans affirm their loyalty and shared values. Standard flag etiquette applies for respectful display, handling, and retirement of the flag.