Iranian Flag

Green Band: Represents growth, happiness, unity, nature, vitality, and the language of the Quran. White Band: Represents freedom, peace, and the traditional Iranian values. Red Band: Represents martyrdom, valor, fire, life, love, warmth, and sophistication. National Emblem (Allah): Red stylized representation of Allah centered on the white band. Takbir: 'Allahu Akbar' (God is Greatest) written 11 times each in Kufic script in white on the borders between the green-white and red-white bands, totaling 22 repetitions. The design symbolizes unity and victory (green above white and red) as the flag of the people of Iran.

Iran's flag history dates back to ancient times with the Bronze Age Shahdad Standard (c. 2400 BCE) being one of the oldest flags in human history, featuring a seated man and kneeling woman with a star between them. During the Achaemenid Empire, the Old Persian word for banner was 'drafša-', with Cyrus the Great and Artaxerxes II using golden eagle standards. After the 1979 Iranian Revolution, the present flag replaced the imperial Lion and Sun flag. The initial post-revolution design featured a gold sun emblem, but concerns over the Kufic script's similarity to 'USA' led to modifications, resulting in the current design adopted in 1980. Many Iranian exiles opposed to the current government use the monarchy tricolour with the Lion and Sun or the plain tricolour without emblems.

Horizontal tricolor with three equal bands. Top band: Green (RGB: 35/159/64, Hex: #239f40, CMYK: 78/0/60/38). Middle band: White (RGB: 255/255/255, Hex: #FFFFFF, CMYK: 0/0/0/0). Bottom band: Red (RGB: 218/0/0, Hex: #da0000, CMYK: 0/100/100/15). Red national emblem (stylized Allah) centered on white band. White Kufic script reading 'Allahu Akbar' repeated 11 times along the border of green and white bands, and 11 times along the border of white and red bands.

Construction specifications detailed in national Iranian standard ISIRI 1, including physical requirements, construction sheet, and compass-and-straightedge construction for the emblem and takbir. The flag represents the Islamic Republic of Iran and should be displayed with appropriate respect. The current flag replaced the Lion and Sun emblem used during the monarchy period. Opposition groups and Iranian exiles may use alternative versions including the monarchy flag or plain tricolor without Islamic emblems.